Stress management might take precedence over pleasurable shared activities, using up the available time and reducing the quality of the time they spend together. The current investigation, based on data from 14,788 participants in the American Time Use Survey, explored the link between household income and the duration and quality of time shared by married couples. Lower income couples, as predicted, spent less time alone together, but this was qualified by the differences between weekdays and weekends and the presence or absence of children. Lower-income spouses reported higher stress levels during spousal interactions than higher-income counterparts, and this correlation was impacted by the total hours worked by the couple. Results affirm the hypothesis, implying that the quantity and quality of time spent in a relationship could be key factors in understanding the variations in relationship outcomes between lower-income and higher-income couples. This PsycINFO database record, a 2023 publication from the APA, is fully protected by copyright and all rights.
A number of theoretical perspectives posit that intimate partner violence (IPV) is not a singular, consistent issue, but is instead characterized by several unique subtypes. In Johnson's (1995) typology, some perpetrators' violence was attributed to a desire for control, while others stemmed from emotional dysregulation, in contrast to the Holtzworth-Munroe and Stuart (1994) typology, which classified perpetrators based on violence severity, its relationship to intimate partners, and their psychopathological profiles. Beyond the given typology, other classifications of violence depend on the personality traits of the perpetrators, the level of damage inflicted, and the multiplicity of violent actions undertaken. A systematic review of studies that tested these hypothesized IPV typologies, to identify underlying groups, employed exploratory clustering and classification methods. In our work, we made use of databases like PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, and the Social Sciences Full Text (H. Examination of Wilson's work and the contents of Social Work Abstracts revealed key trends. Our research resulted in locating 80 studies that investigated IPV typologies empirically. Upon examination of the 34 studies adhering to our pre-defined inclusion criteria, we observed the following: (a) the most frequent number of identified types was three, yet there was significant variation among studies; and (b) while the models proposed by Holtzworth-Munroe and Johnson garnered mixed support, the inconsistencies across these studies cast doubt on the validity of existing typologies and the degree of certainty with which researchers and practitioners describe them. Subsequently, we advise against a strictly categorical approach to IPV with a great degree of care.
The presence of elevated psychopathology in both children and their caregivers is a common observation in families of children with cancer, with some experiencing clinically significant symptoms. Caregiver resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and observed emotion regulation (ER) are explored in this study to determine their potential protective effect on caregiver and child psychopathology during the first year of pediatric cancer treatment. Researchers collected data from 159 primary caregivers of children (mean age 5.6 years, 48% male, 52% female) recently diagnosed with cancer, through the completion of 12 monthly questionnaires. Emotional insights from primary caregivers were gathered via interviews, and resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia measurements were taken at the conclusion of the third month. Multilevel models were employed for the analysis of the data. Despite a one-year post-diagnosis link between observed ER and reduced caregiver anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), no such association emerged concerning the children's symptoms. Significant positive associations were observed between initial resting RSA levels and concurrent child depression/anxiety, and child PTSS at the end of the first year of treatment. Interventions aimed at helping caregivers manage their negative emotions during the initiation of cancer treatment are indicated by the research findings. Moreover, caregivers who maintain a more regulated physiological state may possess a heightened awareness of the negative emotions exhibited by their children. Our investigation points to the necessity of a multi-method approach to understanding the effects of ER on overall functioning. The American Psychological Association holds copyright for the PsycINFO Database record from 2023.
Contact between different groups provides a reliable pathway for the reduction of prejudice. Still, the validity of its claims has been challenged, arguing that the effect is lessened, and sometimes destroyed, under certain conditions. Direct contact between groups may not yield desired results in the presence of threats, especially for groups who historically enjoyed advantages, as well as the impact of discrimination that frequently targets historically disadvantaged groups. Perceived intergroup threat and discrimination were evaluated to determine if they moderated the relationship between contact and prejudice. Data synthesized from 34 studies, encompassing 63,945 participants drawn from 67 subsamples in 19 countries, indicated through two meta-analyses a relationship between contact and a decrease in prejudice, alongside an increase in positive views of out-groups. This link was validated across cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs, across socio-economic groups (advantaged and disadvantaged), and in both WEIRD and non-WEIRD contexts. The association between contact and attitude was influenced by perceived threat and perceived discrimination, though in a direction not predicted. More specifically, the positive effects of contact were as profound among those with high scores (r = .19). Among individuals, there exists a correlation of only .18 (r). The perceived threat is ever-present. The results of contact were no less effective for those scoring high on the scale (r = .23). In the group with a low correlation (r = .20),. Discrimination, as subjectively experienced, is a critical concern. We find that intergroup contact proves an effective mechanism for building tolerant societies, even among those subpopulations facing the greatest obstacles to such progress. Copyright 2023 by the APA, this PsycINFO database record retains all rights.
We honor Ferdinand Taylor Jones, whose life journey extended from 1932 to 2022. Jones's clinical psychology career was profoundly shaped by his consistent devotion to social justice, multicultural training, and college mental health initiatives. In the School of Medicine at Brown University, his roles were emeritus professor of psychology and emeritus lecturer. Jones's role as the first director of Brown's Department of Psychological Services began in 1980 when the department was created. His leadership in the Warren Alpert School of Medicine extended to establishing seminars on minority issues for psychology interns and postdoctoral fellows, and leading support groups for medical students. All rights to the PsycInfo Database Record, 2023, are reserved by the American Psychological Association.
A crisis in youth mental health is evident, as the rates of youth psychopathology continue their upward trajectory. selleck chemicals Youth mental health crises are escalating globally, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a widening chasm in mental health outcomes for marginalized youth from backgrounds like ethnic and racial minorities, low socioeconomic status, rural communities, and gender and sexual minorities. selleck chemicals Parents' significant role in the lives of their children stems from their impact, their proximity, and their responsibility to furnish the resources essential for protecting their children's mental health. Yet, the ongoing challenges for disadvantaged families impede their ability to access mental health services, leaving few accessible options for parents from these backgrounds. Following this, parents from disadvantaged family backgrounds are seldom equipped with formal psychological instruction and frequently lack the capacity to manage their children's mental health issues appropriately. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs), psychosocial interventions adapted for digital delivery, offer a promising way to reduce mental health disparities among disadvantaged youth, by providing their parents with essential mental health resources and overcoming numerous traditional barriers to care. In spite of the capabilities inherent in technology, the true extent of its potential remains untapped, as few, if any, evidence-based and culturally sensitive DMHIs are available to underprivileged families. selleck chemicals A fundamental aim of the field is to cultivate health equity by ensuring that disadvantaged families have access to the required mental health resources. This article thus implores the field to leverage technology to equip parents from disadvantaged backgrounds with the tools and resources to intervene in their children's mental well-being. The American Psychological Association (APA) retains all rights to this PsycINFO Database Record from 2023. The content and source of the entry are documented herein.
A significant feature of human cognition lies in the capacity to reflect on observable experiences in ways that are not immediately obvious, encompassing scientific ideas (genes, molecules), and common understandings (germs, soul). What is the source of this ability, and what process underpins its growth and development? Young children, surprisingly, demonstrate a capacity to conceptualize abstract entities, hidden from view, or not presently extant, contrary to the classic view. Examples from three avenues of research—essentialism, generic language, and object history—are reviewed. These results reveal a potential divergence from the typical developmental path of young humans; progressing beyond readily apparent aspects is often straightforward, while consistently focusing on the present can prove challenging. I consider the consequences for childhood learning processes, the fundamental principles of human thought, and the way that the same traits that give us intelligence and refinement can also create misconceptions and prejudices.