Representations of nude female bodies allow us to delve into the definitions and operationalizations of sexual 'knowledge,' focusing on how mass media sources shape developing ideas about sex and sexuality. Our analysis considers the complex interplay between representation and experience in the formation of sexual knowledge, challenging theories which position women as passive objects of the male gaze and providing a more refined understanding of female agency in the 'sexual revolution'.
This article explores the cases of two British ex-servicemen who, having contracted malaria during or just after the First World War, faced murder charges in the 1920s, their pleas of insanity stemming from the resulting malaria and subsequent long-term neuropsychiatric effects. One person was found 'guilty but insane' and sent to Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum in June 1923; the other, however, was convicted and hanged in July 1927. British courts during the interwar period encountered a discrepancy in accepting medico-legal arguments associating malaria and insanity, a time when the medical community emphasized physical ailments as the root of mental disease. In the examinations, treatments, and legal proceedings of these former servicemen with mental illnesses, the interplay of class, education, social status, institutional backing, and the specifics of the crime replicated the patterns found in similar cases.
Maintaining a stable fixation for the greater trochanter (GT) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a difficult surgical maneuver. While advancements in fixation technology have occurred, the reported clinical outcomes in the literature remain diverse. Previous research efforts might have been hampered by sample sizes too small to reveal significant differences. Using current-generation cable plate devices, this study examines nonunion and reoperation rates in GT fixation, and explores the factors that affect successful outcomes.
76 patients who underwent surgical fixation of their GT, in a retrospective cohort study, had radiographic follow-up data for at least one year. These surgical needs arose from periprosthetic fractures (25), revision total hip replacements demanding extended trochanteric osteotomies (30), GT fractures (3), GT fracture non-unions (9), and intricate primary total hip replacements (3). The primary focus of the study was on both the presence of radiographic union and the absence of reoperation. Patient and plate factors played a role in the determination of secondary objectives related to radiographic union.
After a 25-year radiographic follow-up period, on average, the union rate amounted to 763%, whereas the nonunion rate stood at 237%. Twenty-eight patients had their plates removed; reasons included pain in 21 cases, nonunion in 5, and hardware failure in 2. A group of seven patients had their bone loss linked to cables. Divarasib order According to anatomical principles, the plate's arrangement.
The market's silent transformation, slowly but steadily, produced a measurable difference. Cables employed, in count.
The calculation yielded a value of 0.03, which is incredibly small. Divarasib order Radiographic union was demonstrably linked to these elements. A 30% greater incidence of hardware failure due to broken cable(s) was linked to the absence of union.
= .005).
Greater trochanteric nonunion is a persistent concern following total hip arthroplasty. Current-generation cable plate fixation efficacy may vary based on the plate's positioning and the number of cables incorporated. Plate removal is a potential intervention for pain or bone loss caused by cables.
In total hip replacement surgery, the issue of a non-union of the greater trochanter continues to present itself. Fixation using current-generation cable plate devices, while demonstrably effective, may be influenced by the positioning of the plate and the number of cables involved. Pain or bone loss from cables could trigger the need for plate removal.
The unfortunate occurrence of a periprosthetic femur fracture after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a devastating complication. Extensive research has been conducted on trauma-related periprosthetic fractures of the femur; however, early atraumatic insufficiency periprosthetic fractures are becoming a significant focus of study. We present the most extensive IPF series yet to provide a superior comprehension of, and more effective means to avoid, this complication.
Between 2007 and 2020, a retrospective review was performed on all patients undergoing revision surgery for periprosthetic fractures within 6 months of their initial TKA. A review of patient demographics, preoperative radiographs, implant details, and fracture radiographs was undertaken. Alignment measurements and fracture characteristics underwent a thorough assessment.
In a group of sixteen patients who fulfilled the criteria (incidence rate 0.05%), eleven underwent surgery for posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Mean age equated to 79 years, with a corresponding mean body mass index of 31 kg/m^2.
From a sample of 16, a noteworthy 94% (15) were identified as female. Divarasib order A documented history of osteoporosis affected seven patients, comprising 47% of the patient group. Post-index TKA, the manifestation of IPF occurred, on average, after a four-week period, extending from four days to thirteen weeks. Seventy-three percent (12 of 16) of the patients showed valgus deformities prior to surgery, and 11 patients (10 valgus, 1 varus) demonstrated deformities larger than 10 degrees preoperatively. A radiographic assessment of 16 cases revealed femoral condylar impaction and collapse in 12 (75%), with 11 of these fractures (92%) specifically localizing to the unloaded compartment based on preoperative varus or valgus deformities.
Osteoporosis, severe preoperative valgus deformities, obesity, and advanced age were frequently observed together in patients who developed IPFs. Overloading, acting upon the previously unloaded and osteopenic femoral condyle, was the apparent mechanism of the failure. In high-risk patients, the use of a cruciate-retaining femoral component or a femoral implant designed for posterior femoral stabilization could be a consideration to help prevent this serious adverse outcome.
The development of IPFs was most often observed in elderly, obese women who also suffered from osteoporosis and significant preoperative valgus deformities. Overloading of the osteopenic femoral condyle, which had been previously unloaded, was the apparent cause of failure. In order to reduce the risk of this devastating complication in high-risk patients, the consideration of a cruciate-retaining femoral component or a posterior-stabilized femoral stem is prudent.
Chronic, hormone-influenced inflammation, marked by endometrial tissue growth outside the uterus, defines endometriosis. Subfertility is frequently linked to a noticeable reduction in health-related quality of life and symptoms including moderate to severe pelvic and abdominal pain. Moreover, the presence of co-morbid conditions, specifically affecting mood, including depression or anxiety, has been reported in association with affective disorders. These conditions are associated with a worsening of pain perception in individuals with endometriosis, possibly accounting for the negative impact on quality of life. Research on rodent models of endometriosis, often highlighting similarities in biological and histological features to humans, surprisingly lacked any behavioral characterization. This research investigated anxiety-related behaviors within a syngeneic endometriosis model. The elevated plus maze and novel environment-induced feeding suppression assays highlighted anxiety-related behaviors in mice that had developed endometriosis. Alternatively, there was no distinction in locomotion or generalized pain between the subject groups. These experimental results demonstrate that, comparable to human patients, endometriosis lesions located in the abdominal cavity of mice could induce notable psychopathological changes/impairments. Additional instruments for preclinical identification of endometriosis-related symptom-development mechanisms are potentially provided by these readouts.
Executive functions and motivation are recognized as integral factors in determining the outcomes of neurofeedback interventions. Yet, the task-related impact of cognitive strategies receives scant exploration. This study investigates the ability to modulate activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a key region for neurofeedback's clinical application in dysexecutive syndrome conditions, and explores how feedback impacts performance enhancement in a single session. Participants from both the neurofeedback (n = 17) and sham control (n = 10) groups exhibited the ability to modulate DLPFC activity during most task runs of a working memory imagery task, regardless of the presence of feedback. Nevertheless, the active group demonstrated a more sustained and substantial level of activity in the target area when feedback was offered. Significantly, the active group displayed augmented activity in the nucleus accumbens, markedly differing from the largely negative response recorded throughout the task block by the sham feedback group. Furthermore, the understanding of the non-contingent connection between imagery and feedback demonstrated its influence on motivation. This study confirms the DLPFC's potent role in neurofeedback applications, along with the ventral striatum's substantial influence, both pointing towards successful self-regulation of brain activity.
The way top-down influences shape the behavioral response to visual input, and the resulting adjustments in neuronal responsiveness within the primary visual cortex (V1), remain unclear. This investigation explored behavioral responses during stimulus-orientation identification and neuronal sensitivity to stimulus orientation within the cat's primary visual cortex (V1), both before and after modulating the top-down influence of area 7 (A7) via non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Cathode (c) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), but not sham (s) tDCS, in region A7 significantly improved the behavioral ability to identify differences in stimulus orientations. This improvement in the behavioral threshold was completely restored when the effects of tDCS subsided.